
Study design
Lipid-nanoparticle mRNA was administered into the guinea-pig middle ear using a jet device and compared with conventional needle injection.
Main findings
Protein expression in the middle and inner ear was comparable. The jet method produced a smaller perforation, faster closure and no significant deterioration in auditory brainstem response.
Clinical limitation
This is not a human trial or an approved hearing-loss treatment. Human efficacy, long-term safety, dosing and repeated-administration risks remain unknown.